The Basics of Public Service Motivation

What is Public Service Motivation (PSM)?​

The theory of PSM refers to the motives driving public servants to engage in behaviours that benefit society and safeguard the public interest. PSM is separate from other intrinsic drivers, such as the desire for meaningful work or alignment with organizational culture, and from extrinsic factors like salary, benefits, and job security.

The Origin of PSM

The origins of the PSM theory are attributed to Perry and Wise (1990), and the theory and associated frameworks have been refined over the past three decades.

What Influences Individuals' PSM Scores

Many individual and organizational characteristics influence PSM. Some commonly researched influencing factors include: gender, age, education, management level, type of work (private vs. public), minority status, and income level.

The Importance of Studying PSM​

PSM levels can influence a myriad of employment outcomes such as job satisfaction, occupation choice , individual performance, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Roughly 25% of the Canadian workforce is employed in the public sector (Statistics Canada, 2022), making it extremely important to learn more about what motivates the public sector workforce.

Public Service Motivation Dimensions

Attraction to Public Participation

  • This dimension reflects a genuine interest in making a positive impact through public service.
  • Individuals motivated by this dimension value active contributions to addressing social issues and are drawn to meaningful public service as an essential part of their work. 

Commitment to Public Values

  • This dimension reflects a dedication to principles that prioritize fairness, equity, and the overall welfare of society.
  • Individuals motivated by this dimension are committed to ensuring that public policies consider the long-term needs of future generations, and they uphold ethical standards in their work.

Compassion


  • Characterized by a deep concern for the well-being of others.
  • People motivated by compassion are driven by a desire to alleviate suffering and address unfair treatment.
  • This dimension emphasizes the importance of acting in ways that support and protect vulnerable populations and promote social justice.

Self-Sacrifice


  • This dimension reflects a strong commitment to public service that transcends self-interest and is driven by a sense of duty and moral obligation to others.
  • Individuals motivated by this dimension are willing to make personal sacrifices for the greater good and place a high priority on civic duty over personal interests. 

Based on: Kim et al. (2013)